Materials

The most common steels in the world, these are primarily made up of carbon. They have a high structural integrity, especially when heated, so are a popular choice for investment casting.

Common uses:

• Motor Parts
• Electrical Appliances

Low alloy steels are used for their toughness and resistance to corrosion. They possess these properties due to the addition of nickel and chromium. Using the correct materials and processes it is possible to weld low alloy steels effectively.

Common uses:

• Construction vehicles
• Oil and gas components
• Pumps and valves

These are created by combining carbon steel with one or more other components. These potential additions include: Chromium, Cobalt, Tungsten and Vanadium.

Common uses:

• Motor parts
• Electrical appliances

The main crystalline structure of this metal is non magnetic iron. This means austenitic stainless steel’s hardness does not change when heated, and it is fully non magnetic. It is also highly resistant to corrosion.

Common uses:

• Food and drink equipment
• Industrial equipment
• Automobile parts

A high chromium content makes these metals highly resistant to corrosion and cracking. They also possess a high level of ductility.

Common uses:

• Kitchen goods
• Coastal and offshore machinery
• Cookwear

A variety of heat treatments ensure this metal is high in strength and toughness, with a particularly high weight-to-strength ratio. Depending on the process used to make it, these steels can be semi-austenitic or martensitic. They often contain aluminium or copper.

Common uses:

• Aerospace parts
• Springs

Nickel alloys possess unique heat expansion properties, are able to withstand extremely high temperatures and have good shape memory. They are also magnetic. Nickel superalloy is the material of choice for engine components required to operate above 800°C. They are often melted and cast under a vacuum.

Common uses:

• Electrical Housings
• Wires
• Oil and petrol industry filters

Excellent corrosion resistance and strength at a fraction of the weight of steel alloys. Titanium components are used in some of the most demanding applications.

Common uses:

• Medical devices
• Aerospace

These superalloys are highly durable, with extremely good resistance to heat and corrosion. They have higher strength than nickel superalloys. The most common cobalt alloys are 6, 3, 21 and 31.

Common uses:

• Jet engines
• Orthopaedic implants

Copper alloys are particularly popular in the electronics sector due to their high electronic conductivity. Among copper alloys are bronze and brass.

Common uses:

• Electrical wire
• Plumbing
• Instruments

These lightweight, corrosion-resistant alloys are commonly used for complex components.

Common uses:

• Marine engineering
• Railway parts
• Automotive parts
• Electrical housings